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Renée of France
Renée of France〔d'Orléans, Henri (duc d'Aumale), History of the Princes de Condé in the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries, Vol.1, (Richard Bentley and Son:London, 1872), 74-75.〕 (25 October 1510 – 12 June 1574〔Date erroneous: Montargis, 1575, before Sunday 19th of June, see a letter from King Henry III to Madame de Nemours〕), was the younger surviving child of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany. She was the Duchess of Ferrara due to her marriage to Ercole II d'Este, grandson of Pope Alexander VI. In her later life she became an important supporter of the Protestant reformation and ally of John Calvin.
==Background==
Renée was born on 25 October 1510 at the Château de Blois, Blois, Touraine and was the second daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany. Anne, who had always fought fiercely to keep Brittany independent of the French crown, tried to will the duchy to Renée, but Louis disagreed, so the Duchy passed to her elder sister, Claude.
Her early education was undertaken by her governess, Michelle de Saubonne, Madame de Soubise. Saubonne was a partisan of Anne of Brittany and opposed to Anne's enemy, Louise of Savoy; so, after the death of Renée's parents, Louise and her son, Francis I of France, had Saubonne sacked. Renée never forgot this, and when she married, she took Saubonne with her.〔"Queens Mate" by Pauline Matarasso〕
In return for renouncing her claims to the duchy of Brittany, Renée was granted the duchy of Chartres by Francis. As a child, one of her companions was the young Anne Boleyn, whom Renée always remembered with kindness and affection.〔See R.M. Warnicke's ''The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn: Family politics at the court of Henry VIII,'' (Cambridge University Press, 1989) for a conversation in the 1560s between Renée and the English diplomat, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, in which Renée spoke affectionately about the late Anne Boleyn.〕
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